Role of HIV-1 phenotype in viral pathogenesis and its relation to viral load and CD4+ T-cell count

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6) are responsible for severe diseases, particularly in immunocompromised persons. There are poor data on the infection with these opportunistic viruses in Burkina Faso.The purpose of this study is to characterize EBV and HHV-6 subtypes and to assess their impact on CD4 T cell count, HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV-1.The study population consisted of 238 HIV-positive patients with information on CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and HAART. Venous blood samples collected on EDTA tubes were used for EBV and HHV-6 Real Time PCR subtyping.An infection rate of 6.7% (16/238) and 7.1% (17/238) were found respectively for EBV and HHV-6 in the present study. Among EBV infections, similar prevalences were noted for both subtypes (3.9% [9/238] for EBV-1 vs 4.6% [11/238] for EBV-2) with 2.1% (5/238) of co-infection. HHV-6A infection represented 6.3% (15/238) of the study population against 5.0% (12/238) for HHV-6B. . EBV-2 infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4 count ≥ 500 compared to those with CD4 count less than 500 cells (1.65% vs 8.56%, p = 0,011). The prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 infections were almost similar in HAART-naive and HAART-experienced patients.The present study provides information on the prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 subtypes in people living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. The study also suggests that HAART treatment has no effect on infection with these opportunistic viruses in people living with HIV-1.

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The Challenge of HIV-1 Genetic Diversity: Discordant CD4+ T-Cell Count and Viral Load in an Untreated Patient Infected With a Subtype F Strain

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b72539 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 659-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hector Bolivar ◽

Rebeca Geffin ◽

Gabriel Manzi ◽

Margaret A Fischl ◽

Vera Holzmayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Untreated Patient ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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Evaluation of the expression pattern of 4 microRNAs and their correlation with cellular/viral factors in PBMCs of Long Term non-progressors and HIV infected naïve Individuals

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x19666210906143136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Sogol Jamshidi ◽

Farah Bokharaei-Salim ◽

Javid Sadri Nahand ◽

Seyed Hamidreza Monavari ◽

Mohsen Moghoofei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Mirnas Expression ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) are small subsets of HIV-infected subjects that can control HIV-1 replication for several years without receiving ART. The exact mechanism of HIV-1 suppression has not yet been completely elucidated. Although the modulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in HIV-1 replication has been reported, their importance in LTNPs is unclear. Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the expression pattern of miR-27b, -29, -150, and -221, as well as their relationship with CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 viral load, and nef gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of untreated viremic patients and in LTNPs. Methods: MiRNAs expression levels were evaluated with real-time PCR assay using RNA isolated from PBMCs of LTNPs, HIV-1 infected naive patients, and healthy people. Moreover, CD4 T-cell count, HIV viral load, and nef gene expression were assessed. Results: The expression level of all miRNAs significantly decreased in the HIV-1 patient group compared to the control group, while the expression pattern of miRNAs in the LNTPs group was similar to that in the healthy subject group. In addition, there were significant correlations between some miRNA expression with viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, and nef gene expression. Conclusion: The significant similarity and difference of the miRNA expression pattern between LNTPs and healthy individuals as well as between elite controllers and HIV-infected patients, respectively, showed that these miRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Further, positive and negative correlations between miRNAs expression and viral/cellular factors could justify the role of these miRNAs in HIV-1 disease monitoring.

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Relationships of PBMC microRNA expression, plasma viral load, and CD4+ T-cell count in HIV-1-infected elite suppressors and viremic patients

Retrovirology ◽

10.1186/1742-4690-9-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Kenneth W Witwer ◽

Andria K Watson ◽

Joel N Blankson ◽

Janice E Clements

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Microrna Expression ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Elite Suppressors ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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Racial/ethnic differences in CD4 T cell count and viral load at presentation for medical care and in follow-up after HIV-1 infection

AIDS ◽

10.1097/00002030-200209060-00020 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 1832-1834 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Susan Swindells ◽

Daniel G. Cobos ◽

Nancy Lee ◽

Elizabeth A. Lien ◽

Ann P. Fitzgerald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Medical Care ◽

Cell Count ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

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THE INFLUENCE OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES C, CRF31_BC AND B ON DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INITIAL VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO HAART IN A SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN COHORT

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652014000300005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 205-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cynara Carvalho Nunes ◽

Maria Cristina Cotta Matte ◽

Claudia Fontoura Dias ◽

Leonardo Augusto Luvison Araújo ◽

Luciano Santos Pinto Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Viral Suppression ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Lower Viral Load ◽

Subtype B ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Although most HIV-1 infections in Brazil are due to subtype B, Southern Brazil has a high prevalence of subtype C and recombinant forms, such as CRF31_BC. This study assessed the impact of viral diversity on clinical progression in a cohort of newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients. Methods: From July/2004 to December/2005, 135 HIV-infected patients were recruited. The partial pol region was subtyped by phylogeny. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the relationship between viral subtype, CD4+ T cell count and viral load levels before antiretroviral therapy. Hazard ratio (Cox regression) was used to evaluate factors associated with viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/mL at six months). Results: Main HIV-1 subtypes included B (29.4%), C (28.2%), and CRF31_BC (23.5%). Subtypes B and C showed a similar trend in CD4+ T cell decline. Comparison of non-B (C and CRF31_BC) and B subtypes revealed no significant difference in the proportion of patients with viral suppression at six months (week 24). Higher CD4+ T cell count and lower viral load were independently associated with viral suppression. Conclusion: No significant differences were found between subtypes; however, lower viral load and higher CD4+ T cell count before therapy were associated with better response.

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